1 December 15, 2017
Articles and Statements
1. Timur M. Khusyainov
Causes of Death of Inhabitants of Greenland: Age and Gender Dimension
Population Processes, 2017, 2(1): 3-10.
Number of views: 498 Download in PDF
2. Ol'ga V. NatolochnayaPopulation Processes, 2017, 2(1): 3-10.
Abstract:
The subject of this article is to examine the mortality statistics among the inhabitants of Greenland. According to the World Bank, life expectancy Greenlanders in 2012 amounted to 71.31 years. In his article the author makes an attempt to analyze the reasons because of which came the natural (non-violent), or forced on the statistics for 2013. Special attention is paid to gender and age aspect, the author highlights the cases of death, which are most typical of which is aged or sex group. As the main method of research is the statistical analysis of the data StatBank Greenland, and also used the modern scientific literature on health issues. As a result, consideration of the causes of death among the inhabitants of Greenland, the author found that 82.46 % in the case of natural death occurs, and only a small number of cases violent. The paper examined the disease that caused the death and the number of deaths, as well as the reasons for the onset of a violent death: accident and accidents, homicide and suicide. We select the most striking features of gender and age.
The subject of this article is to examine the mortality statistics among the inhabitants of Greenland. According to the World Bank, life expectancy Greenlanders in 2012 amounted to 71.31 years. In his article the author makes an attempt to analyze the reasons because of which came the natural (non-violent), or forced on the statistics for 2013. Special attention is paid to gender and age aspect, the author highlights the cases of death, which are most typical of which is aged or sex group. As the main method of research is the statistical analysis of the data StatBank Greenland, and also used the modern scientific literature on health issues. As a result, consideration of the causes of death among the inhabitants of Greenland, the author found that 82.46 % in the case of natural death occurs, and only a small number of cases violent. The paper examined the disease that caused the death and the number of deaths, as well as the reasons for the onset of a violent death: accident and accidents, homicide and suicide. We select the most striking features of gender and age.
Number of views: 498 Download in PDF
The Social Policy in the USSR (1945 -1953 years) in the Field of Protection of Motherhood and Childhood
Population Processes, 2017, 2(1): 11-19.
Number of views: 482 Download in PDF
3. Vladimir N. ShaidurovPopulation Processes, 2017, 2(1): 11-19.
Abstract:
The article deals with social policy in the field of motherhood and childhood in the USSR in the postwar period (1945-1953). The source base of the work were, first of all, the statistical yearbooks "National economy of the RSFSR" and reference publication of the Committee on statistics of the Russian Federation "Population of Russia for 100 years. 1897-1997". It contains the valuable statistical information of a general nature about the birth rate, mortality and marriage of the russian population. All-union population censuses of 1939 and 1959 are of exceptional value for the study of this topic. The traditional scientific principles in research of problems of social development were used in work: the principle of historicism, the principle of systematicity, the principle of objectivity. The author concludes that during the recovery period, despite the difficult terms of the post-war period, a number of constructive measures were taken in the field of demographic policy that ensured, as far as it was possible then, the protection of motherhood and childhood, the social protection of street children, which ultimately contributed to a noticeable increase in the birth rate, including through the so-called effective birth rate (i.e., taking into account only surviving infants). A considerable role in this belonged to the soviet medicine.
The article deals with social policy in the field of motherhood and childhood in the USSR in the postwar period (1945-1953). The source base of the work were, first of all, the statistical yearbooks "National economy of the RSFSR" and reference publication of the Committee on statistics of the Russian Federation "Population of Russia for 100 years. 1897-1997". It contains the valuable statistical information of a general nature about the birth rate, mortality and marriage of the russian population. All-union population censuses of 1939 and 1959 are of exceptional value for the study of this topic. The traditional scientific principles in research of problems of social development were used in work: the principle of historicism, the principle of systematicity, the principle of objectivity. The author concludes that during the recovery period, despite the difficult terms of the post-war period, a number of constructive measures were taken in the field of demographic policy that ensured, as far as it was possible then, the protection of motherhood and childhood, the social protection of street children, which ultimately contributed to a noticeable increase in the birth rate, including through the so-called effective birth rate (i.e., taking into account only surviving infants). A considerable role in this belonged to the soviet medicine.
Number of views: 482 Download in PDF
Gypsies in the Russian Empire (during the 18th and first half of the 19th century)
Population Processes, 2017, 2(1): 20-34.
Number of views: 507 Download in PDF
4. Michal ŠmigeľPopulation Processes, 2017, 2(1): 20-34.
Abstract:
In the late 20th and early 21st centuries, historians continued to focus much attention on the history of minor ethnic groups, but the state of this body of knowledge is quite varied. Russian historical gypsiology is in its early stages of development. Progress is being slowed by limits of known written archives. So, one of the key objectives is to identify archival documents that will make it possible to set and address research goals. In this paper, we will introduce the options that were put forward for acting on and reacting to the situation of the Gypsies during the Russian Empire, both theorized on as well as put into practice between the 1780s and the 1850s. The situation of the Gypsies here refers to the relations between the Russian Empire, represented by the emperor and his bureaucratic organization, and the Gypsies who found themselves in its territory. The solution for the issues from the Gypsies’ point of view involved their rejection of traditional lifestyles and of integration into economic and social institutions during a particular historical period. Our study makes use of various legal acts issued in the 1780s-1850s. The region-specific variants of the scenarios which addressed the situation of the Gypsies are described from written archival sources from the central and regional archives of the Russian Federation, uncovered by the author during archival investigation and introduced for the first time. The integrated use of various research methods enabled a reconstruction of previously unknown pages in the history of the Gypsies in Russia.
In the late 20th and early 21st centuries, historians continued to focus much attention on the history of minor ethnic groups, but the state of this body of knowledge is quite varied. Russian historical gypsiology is in its early stages of development. Progress is being slowed by limits of known written archives. So, one of the key objectives is to identify archival documents that will make it possible to set and address research goals. In this paper, we will introduce the options that were put forward for acting on and reacting to the situation of the Gypsies during the Russian Empire, both theorized on as well as put into practice between the 1780s and the 1850s. The situation of the Gypsies here refers to the relations between the Russian Empire, represented by the emperor and his bureaucratic organization, and the Gypsies who found themselves in its territory. The solution for the issues from the Gypsies’ point of view involved their rejection of traditional lifestyles and of integration into economic and social institutions during a particular historical period. Our study makes use of various legal acts issued in the 1780s-1850s. The region-specific variants of the scenarios which addressed the situation of the Gypsies are described from written archival sources from the central and regional archives of the Russian Federation, uncovered by the author during archival investigation and introduced for the first time. The integrated use of various research methods enabled a reconstruction of previously unknown pages in the history of the Gypsies in Russia.
Number of views: 507 Download in PDF
Anti-Semitism in Slovakia in Post-War Years 1945 – 1948: A Period of “Common People’s Anti-Semitism”
Population Processes, 2017, 2(1): 35-47.
Number of views: 475 Download in PDF
5. Pavol Tišliar, Branislav ŠprochaPopulation Processes, 2017, 2(1): 35-47.
Abstract:
The liberation of Czechoslovakia and the end of World War II did not mean the end of Jewish suffering in Slovakia, although several members of the Slovak Jewish minority virtually (and naively) expected it. On the contrary, a number of problems began, and the negative impacting of the post-war reality through their re-emergence in society was immediately activated. The post-war period as a period of social, political and moral crises was reflected in full, and the Jews faced hostility once again. Anti-Semitic unrest in Slovakia that broke out in the first days and months after World War II and was one of characteristic features of post-war development in Czechoslovakia, fit into the overall situation as existed on European territory. The heuristic basis of the study includes archival materials from central Slovak National Archives in Bratislava and regional archives of the Slovak Republic. Besides these sources, Slovak and foreign scientific publications dedicated to given issues publicated in recent years have been used. Methodologic base of the research involves principles of objectivism and historism that enable objective and factual approach towards analysis of researched issues, critical evaluation of sources (through analytic, progressive and comparative method, direct and indirect method) and summarisation of knowledge as a result of analysis of the summary of facts. It also allows depiction of facts in the course and context of historical situation. Finally, the author notes, post-war anti-Semitism undoubtedly emerged or grew out of Holocaust and several years of anti-Jewish propaganda in Slovakia (1939 - 1945), immediate war as well as post-war experiences, although it is impossible to neglect also the older “traditional” anti-Jewish attitudes of Slovak population (already present in the time of the interwar Czechoslovakia and Hungarian period of History). As the main reasons of the growing anti-Semitism in Slovakia (1939 – 1945) we can consider the Jewish efforts to their reintegration into civil society and issues of rehabilitation and of property rights – concerning former Jewish property, which was still in the hands of the former “arizators”, citizens (of lower social classes as well) or under national administration (paradoxically, often as a reward for participating in the resistance) – closely related to them and delays in the issue of its restitution.
The liberation of Czechoslovakia and the end of World War II did not mean the end of Jewish suffering in Slovakia, although several members of the Slovak Jewish minority virtually (and naively) expected it. On the contrary, a number of problems began, and the negative impacting of the post-war reality through their re-emergence in society was immediately activated. The post-war period as a period of social, political and moral crises was reflected in full, and the Jews faced hostility once again. Anti-Semitic unrest in Slovakia that broke out in the first days and months after World War II and was one of characteristic features of post-war development in Czechoslovakia, fit into the overall situation as existed on European territory. The heuristic basis of the study includes archival materials from central Slovak National Archives in Bratislava and regional archives of the Slovak Republic. Besides these sources, Slovak and foreign scientific publications dedicated to given issues publicated in recent years have been used. Methodologic base of the research involves principles of objectivism and historism that enable objective and factual approach towards analysis of researched issues, critical evaluation of sources (through analytic, progressive and comparative method, direct and indirect method) and summarisation of knowledge as a result of analysis of the summary of facts. It also allows depiction of facts in the course and context of historical situation. Finally, the author notes, post-war anti-Semitism undoubtedly emerged or grew out of Holocaust and several years of anti-Jewish propaganda in Slovakia (1939 - 1945), immediate war as well as post-war experiences, although it is impossible to neglect also the older “traditional” anti-Jewish attitudes of Slovak population (already present in the time of the interwar Czechoslovakia and Hungarian period of History). As the main reasons of the growing anti-Semitism in Slovakia (1939 – 1945) we can consider the Jewish efforts to their reintegration into civil society and issues of rehabilitation and of property rights – concerning former Jewish property, which was still in the hands of the former “arizators”, citizens (of lower social classes as well) or under national administration (paradoxically, often as a reward for participating in the resistance) – closely related to them and delays in the issue of its restitution.
Number of views: 475 Download in PDF
Ethnicity or Language in the Population Census in 1910-1930 Slovakia (Czechoslovakia): Objectivity and Subjectivity of the Ethnic Make-up of a European Country between the Two World Wars
Population Processes, 2017, 2(1): 48-59.
Number of views: 488 Download in PDF
6. Population Processes, 2017, 2(1): 48-59.
Abstract:
In Slovakia, the concept of ethnicity was historically tied to two fundamental population attributes – language and community membership. While the statistical practice of the second half of 19th century and the first two decades of the 20th century favored language as the primary criterion for determing a person’s ethnicity, Czechoslovak statisticians assigned a larger role to a person’s self-reported membership in a community. The two characteristics of the ethnic composition of the country – the former objective, the latter subjective – were among the most contentious subjects of debate in the preparatory meetings of every census commission. This paper examines some of the logistical and methodological issues related to the issue of ethnicity and language that the census commissions in three censuses: 1919, 1921 and 1930 were confronted with, seeking to place them in a large historical and geographical context.
In Slovakia, the concept of ethnicity was historically tied to two fundamental population attributes – language and community membership. While the statistical practice of the second half of 19th century and the first two decades of the 20th century favored language as the primary criterion for determing a person’s ethnicity, Czechoslovak statisticians assigned a larger role to a person’s self-reported membership in a community. The two characteristics of the ethnic composition of the country – the former objective, the latter subjective – were among the most contentious subjects of debate in the preparatory meetings of every census commission. This paper examines some of the logistical and methodological issues related to the issue of ethnicity and language that the census commissions in three censuses: 1919, 1921 and 1930 were confronted with, seeking to place them in a large historical and geographical context.
Number of views: 488 Download in PDF