1 December 23, 2025
Articles
1. Oleg V. Gradov
TIPS Strategies in the Development of Lensless Optical Systems: From Engineering to a Demographically Coordinated Social Economy
Population Processes. 2025. 10(1): 3-24.
Number of views: 7 Download in PDF
2. Timur M. KhusyainovPopulation Processes. 2025. 10(1): 3-24.
Abstract:
The transition from the Asian mass production and extensive economies to knowledge-intensive, high-precision technologies is crucial as manufacturing shifts backward from Asia to Europe and USA. This shift not only reflects a change in geographical production line but also a fundamental transformation in the nature of labor and economic structure. In Asia (excluding contemporary China and, partly, "East Asian Tigers"), mass production relies heavily on low-cost labor performing repetitive tasks. This approach allows for high output at lower costs, but it often lacks innovation and efficiency. In contrast, Europe has the opportunity to embrace advanced technologies that focus on precision, automation, and knowledge-based processes. By adopting these high-tech methods, European industries can enhance productivity, improve product quality, and reduce environmental impact. However, the challenge lies in the scale of operations that Asian manufacturers are currently performing. The vast workforce in Asia can handle extensive production lines and high-volume tasks, which would require a significant portion of Europe's economically active population if implemented in the same way. Given that Europe's population (< 753 000 000 in 2024) is 6.4 times smaller than that of many Asian countries (> 4 800 000 000 in 2024), replicating such mass production practices would be impractical and unsustainable. Instead, Europe must leverage its strengths in research and development, innovation, and skilled labor to create a more sustainable economic model. By investing in high-tech solutions and fostering a culture of continuous improvement and learning, European industries can create jobs that are not only more fulfilling but also better aligned with the future of work. In conclusion, the shift from an extensive economy to a knowledge-based economy is not merely a matter of relocating production; it is about redefining how we think about manufacturing and labor. By prioritizing high-precision technologies and innovation, Europe can carve out a competitive advantage while ensuring a more sustainable and prosperous future for its workforce. The text considers conventional lens-less microscopy as an example of proposed approach that can be extended to other devices based on similar optical principles. This ensures the universality of the proposed approach and its applicability in various lens-less instrumentation fields.
The transition from the Asian mass production and extensive economies to knowledge-intensive, high-precision technologies is crucial as manufacturing shifts backward from Asia to Europe and USA. This shift not only reflects a change in geographical production line but also a fundamental transformation in the nature of labor and economic structure. In Asia (excluding contemporary China and, partly, "East Asian Tigers"), mass production relies heavily on low-cost labor performing repetitive tasks. This approach allows for high output at lower costs, but it often lacks innovation and efficiency. In contrast, Europe has the opportunity to embrace advanced technologies that focus on precision, automation, and knowledge-based processes. By adopting these high-tech methods, European industries can enhance productivity, improve product quality, and reduce environmental impact. However, the challenge lies in the scale of operations that Asian manufacturers are currently performing. The vast workforce in Asia can handle extensive production lines and high-volume tasks, which would require a significant portion of Europe's economically active population if implemented in the same way. Given that Europe's population (< 753 000 000 in 2024) is 6.4 times smaller than that of many Asian countries (> 4 800 000 000 in 2024), replicating such mass production practices would be impractical and unsustainable. Instead, Europe must leverage its strengths in research and development, innovation, and skilled labor to create a more sustainable economic model. By investing in high-tech solutions and fostering a culture of continuous improvement and learning, European industries can create jobs that are not only more fulfilling but also better aligned with the future of work. In conclusion, the shift from an extensive economy to a knowledge-based economy is not merely a matter of relocating production; it is about redefining how we think about manufacturing and labor. By prioritizing high-precision technologies and innovation, Europe can carve out a competitive advantage while ensuring a more sustainable and prosperous future for its workforce. The text considers conventional lens-less microscopy as an example of proposed approach that can be extended to other devices based on similar optical principles. This ensures the universality of the proposed approach and its applicability in various lens-less instrumentation fields.
Number of views: 7 Download in PDF
Population of the Village of Dubovik, Kostroma Province, in the mid-19th century: According to the Census Records of 1850 and 1858
Population Processes. 2025. 10(1): 25-37.
Number of views: 12 Download in PDF
3. Anastasia O. Litvyakova, Julia S. Nokhrina, Maria Y. Samburova, Rinat V. FaizullinPopulation Processes. 2025. 10(1): 25-37.
Abstract:
This article is a publication of materials from the IX and X Revision tales on the landowner peasants of the village of Dubovik, which was located in the Zamerskaya volost of the Galich district of the Kostroma province of the Russian Empire. The source is stored in the State Archives of the Kostroma region: IX Revision tale is located – fund 200, inventory 14, file 42 “Revision tales about the landowner peasants of the Galich district. (owners' surnames starting with the letters A-B). Alphabetical list of owners. pp. 1-4.” (1850-1851), data on the village of Dubovik are located on sheets 110-115ob; X Revision tale – fund 200, inventory 13, file 67 “Revision tales of landowner peasants of the Galich district (owners' surnames starting with the letter A-B. Old numbering pp. 57-606)”. The materials of the Revision tales are a valuable source not only for genealogical research, but also for the demography of the region, allowing one to study the dynamics of the population, birth rate, marriage, mortality, as well as the movement of population between settlements.
This article is a publication of materials from the IX and X Revision tales on the landowner peasants of the village of Dubovik, which was located in the Zamerskaya volost of the Galich district of the Kostroma province of the Russian Empire. The source is stored in the State Archives of the Kostroma region: IX Revision tale is located – fund 200, inventory 14, file 42 “Revision tales about the landowner peasants of the Galich district. (owners' surnames starting with the letters A-B). Alphabetical list of owners. pp. 1-4.” (1850-1851), data on the village of Dubovik are located on sheets 110-115ob; X Revision tale – fund 200, inventory 13, file 67 “Revision tales of landowner peasants of the Galich district (owners' surnames starting with the letter A-B. Old numbering pp. 57-606)”. The materials of the Revision tales are a valuable source not only for genealogical research, but also for the demography of the region, allowing one to study the dynamics of the population, birth rate, marriage, mortality, as well as the movement of population between settlements.
Number of views: 12 Download in PDF
The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on the Religious Sphere: International Experience, Ethical Challenges, and Age-Specific Considerations
Population Processes. 2025. 10(1): 38-43.
Number of views: 4 Download in PDF
4. Nicholas W. Mitiukov, Axina N. MitiukovaPopulation Processes. 2025. 10(1): 38-43.
Abstract:
The article analyzes the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on the religious sphere in the context of global demographic shifts. Based on the study of international experience (BlessU‑2, Mindar, AI Jesus, GitaGPT), it examines the role of AI as a spiritual guide and participant in religious practice. Various approaches of traditional religions to technologization are reviewed: from Buddhism’s openness to the use of android monks to the Russian Orthodox Church’s categorical rejection of AI anthropomorphization. Special attention is given to the ethical dilemmas of integrating AI into religious life, including the risks of psychological dependence among vulnerable groups, particularly young people. The influence of the age factor on the perception of religious AI systems is analyzed: the younger generation demonstrates high openness; the middle-aged generation combines traditional and digital practices; the older generation remains skeptical. The study emphasizes the need for ethical regulation of the impact of religious AI technologies on various social groups.In conclusion, recommendations are formulated aimed at minimizing risks and ensuring ethically balanced development of religious AI systems, taking into account demographic trends and the need to preserve traditional values.
The article analyzes the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on the religious sphere in the context of global demographic shifts. Based on the study of international experience (BlessU‑2, Mindar, AI Jesus, GitaGPT), it examines the role of AI as a spiritual guide and participant in religious practice. Various approaches of traditional religions to technologization are reviewed: from Buddhism’s openness to the use of android monks to the Russian Orthodox Church’s categorical rejection of AI anthropomorphization. Special attention is given to the ethical dilemmas of integrating AI into religious life, including the risks of psychological dependence among vulnerable groups, particularly young people. The influence of the age factor on the perception of religious AI systems is analyzed: the younger generation demonstrates high openness; the middle-aged generation combines traditional and digital practices; the older generation remains skeptical. The study emphasizes the need for ethical regulation of the impact of religious AI technologies on various social groups.In conclusion, recommendations are formulated aimed at minimizing risks and ensuring ethically balanced development of religious AI systems, taking into account demographic trends and the need to preserve traditional values.
Number of views: 4 Download in PDF
Sergei Yakovlevich Mitiukov and His Male Descendants
Population Processes. 2025. 10(1): 44-52.
Number of views: 6 Download in PDF
5. Artem D. Mulyndin, Sofya A. Shikhova, Vladimir Yu. Mironov, Alisa A. MilenkayaPopulation Processes. 2025. 10(1): 44-52.
Abstract:
The figure of Sergei Yakovlevich Mityukov remains controversial. On the one hand, for Tsarist Russia, he made an exceptional career, rising from a recruited peasant to the manager of the Votkinsk factory. But on the other hand, he attempted to find common ground with both the tsarist government and the Pugachevites. As a result, before the Revolution, he was criticized for collaborationism, and during the Soviet era, for betraying the ideas of the Pugachev rebellion. This ambiguity in assessments of him persists to this day. This work, using genealogical research methods, provides evidence of the authors' relationship with S. Ya. Mityukov. Step-by-step instructions are provided. The reconstructed line of S. Ya. Mityukov's descendants refutes existing stereotypes about life in pre-revolutionary Russia. For example, artisans typically had children in adulthood, out of the need to secure their professional careers and, thus, a stable income for their families. Moreover, unlike the patriarchal system, wives were typically taken from women of the same age, sometimes even older.
The figure of Sergei Yakovlevich Mityukov remains controversial. On the one hand, for Tsarist Russia, he made an exceptional career, rising from a recruited peasant to the manager of the Votkinsk factory. But on the other hand, he attempted to find common ground with both the tsarist government and the Pugachevites. As a result, before the Revolution, he was criticized for collaborationism, and during the Soviet era, for betraying the ideas of the Pugachev rebellion. This ambiguity in assessments of him persists to this day. This work, using genealogical research methods, provides evidence of the authors' relationship with S. Ya. Mityukov. Step-by-step instructions are provided. The reconstructed line of S. Ya. Mityukov's descendants refutes existing stereotypes about life in pre-revolutionary Russia. For example, artisans typically had children in adulthood, out of the need to secure their professional careers and, thus, a stable income for their families. Moreover, unlike the patriarchal system, wives were typically taken from women of the same age, sometimes even older.
Number of views: 6 Download in PDF
Smart Cities as a Factor of Demographic Stability: Trends in Technological Integration for Resource Management and Development
Population Processes. 2025. 10(1): 53-63.
Number of views: 4 Download in PDF
6. Population Processes. 2025. 10(1): 53-63.
Abstract:
The article traces the historical evolution of the Smart City concept from its initial technocratic understanding to a modern holistic model focused on systemic sustainability and data – driven governance. Based on the analysis of scientific publications and practical cases, including the experience of implementing the Urban Environment Quality Index (ICGS) in Russia, the key phases of this transformation are identified. Particular attention is paid to demographic dynamics as a critical indicator of the effectiveness of urban governance. Using the example of comparing data on Arkhangelsk (a traditional city with a steady population decline) and Singapore (a global example of a "smart" city with stable growth), as well as analyzing demographic trends in Russian cities that are actively implementing elements of “smart” transformation (such as Innopolis, Kazan, Moscow), it is shown that the modern paradigm "Smart City" is a synthesis of technological tools, strategic planning and socially oriented management. Technology is not an end in itself, but a tool for achieving long-term sustainability, adaptability, and demographic attractiveness of the urban environment.
The article traces the historical evolution of the Smart City concept from its initial technocratic understanding to a modern holistic model focused on systemic sustainability and data – driven governance. Based on the analysis of scientific publications and practical cases, including the experience of implementing the Urban Environment Quality Index (ICGS) in Russia, the key phases of this transformation are identified. Particular attention is paid to demographic dynamics as a critical indicator of the effectiveness of urban governance. Using the example of comparing data on Arkhangelsk (a traditional city with a steady population decline) and Singapore (a global example of a "smart" city with stable growth), as well as analyzing demographic trends in Russian cities that are actively implementing elements of “smart” transformation (such as Innopolis, Kazan, Moscow), it is shown that the modern paradigm "Smart City" is a synthesis of technological tools, strategic planning and socially oriented management. Technology is not an end in itself, but a tool for achieving long-term sustainability, adaptability, and demographic attractiveness of the urban environment.
Number of views: 4 Download in PDF