1 December 19, 2023
Articles
1. Tatyana S. Gubaidullina
The Legal Cases about Refusal of Smallpox Vaccination and the Smallpox Epidemic: Glazov District of the 19th century
Population Processes. 2023. 8(1): 3-16.
Number of views: 29 Download in PDF
2. Yuliana Yu. GruzdevaPopulation Processes. 2023. 8(1): 3-16.
Abstract:
The article describes the legal cases regarding peasants' refusal to undergo smallpox vaccination in the pre-reform period of the 19th century. The period is determined by the sources themselves, stored in the Central State Archive of the Udmurt Republic for the Glazov district. The work contains ready-made tables compiled from court case data that can be used by genealogy specialists and other researchers. It was concluded that the measures taken to immunize the population of the Glazov district were fragmented. On the one hand, medical staff tried to demand obedience and vaccination from the population as strictly as possible. The court, relying on legislation, most often exempted peasants from trial. It is impossible not to note the weakness of state biopolitics at the legislative level. Since vaccination was not mandatory, the court could not do anything. An outbreak of smallpox in one of the localities in 1855 to some extent sobered up the local authorities. They began to ask the peasants more strictly; they could be fined for refusing vaccination. Smallpox vaccinators were also punished for negligence. Some documents noted the weakness of the educational work of the clergy on the issue of immunoprophylaxis of the population. Court documents regarding the refusal of smallpox vaccination contain valuable genealogical information about the Old Believers. Since the Old Believers are not listed in metric books, such a source can often become the main one in searching for relatives, studying the history of the settlement of schismatics, etc. As an additional source, this type can also be used on the implementation of preventive measures to prevent smallpox in the regions, changes in medical legislation, development of medical institutions related to vaccination. Based on the history of the judicial process, this source can also be used as an illustration of real civil court hearings of the pre-reform period of the 19th century. The tables compiled by the author, together with similar data from other regions, can be used by Big Data specialists. The sources described in the article may also be attractive for sociological and demographic research as an illustration of certain processes in society.
The article describes the legal cases regarding peasants' refusal to undergo smallpox vaccination in the pre-reform period of the 19th century. The period is determined by the sources themselves, stored in the Central State Archive of the Udmurt Republic for the Glazov district. The work contains ready-made tables compiled from court case data that can be used by genealogy specialists and other researchers. It was concluded that the measures taken to immunize the population of the Glazov district were fragmented. On the one hand, medical staff tried to demand obedience and vaccination from the population as strictly as possible. The court, relying on legislation, most often exempted peasants from trial. It is impossible not to note the weakness of state biopolitics at the legislative level. Since vaccination was not mandatory, the court could not do anything. An outbreak of smallpox in one of the localities in 1855 to some extent sobered up the local authorities. They began to ask the peasants more strictly; they could be fined for refusing vaccination. Smallpox vaccinators were also punished for negligence. Some documents noted the weakness of the educational work of the clergy on the issue of immunoprophylaxis of the population. Court documents regarding the refusal of smallpox vaccination contain valuable genealogical information about the Old Believers. Since the Old Believers are not listed in metric books, such a source can often become the main one in searching for relatives, studying the history of the settlement of schismatics, etc. As an additional source, this type can also be used on the implementation of preventive measures to prevent smallpox in the regions, changes in medical legislation, development of medical institutions related to vaccination. Based on the history of the judicial process, this source can also be used as an illustration of real civil court hearings of the pre-reform period of the 19th century. The tables compiled by the author, together with similar data from other regions, can be used by Big Data specialists. The sources described in the article may also be attractive for sociological and demographic research as an illustration of certain processes in society.
Number of views: 29 Download in PDF
The Dispossession as a Demographic Problem (Based on the Materials of the Newspaper “Krasnoyarskii Rabochii” for 1931)
Population Processes. 2023. 8(1): 17-20.
Number of views: 20 Download in PDF
Population Processes. 2023. 8(1): 17-20.
Abstract:
The dispossession of peasants is a process that took place from 1929 to 1933 in Soviet Russia and was aimed at destroying the kulaks and wealthy peasants. Dispossession of peasants is one of the key objectives of the Soviet government's policy within the framework of collectivization and industrialization. In this work, based on content analysis, the main directions of reflection of dispossession in the newspaper “Krasnoyarsk Worker” for 1931 are identified. Firstly, the identification of the kulak and the opportunist, which automatically extended the methods of combating opportunism to the kulaks. Secondly, emphasis was placed on highlighting the sabotage actions of the kulak element: disruption of sowing and harvesting campaigns, destruction of livestock, etc. Finally, thirdly, the anti-kulak campaign was combined with anti-religious actions.
The dispossession of peasants is a process that took place from 1929 to 1933 in Soviet Russia and was aimed at destroying the kulaks and wealthy peasants. Dispossession of peasants is one of the key objectives of the Soviet government's policy within the framework of collectivization and industrialization. In this work, based on content analysis, the main directions of reflection of dispossession in the newspaper “Krasnoyarsk Worker” for 1931 are identified. Firstly, the identification of the kulak and the opportunist, which automatically extended the methods of combating opportunism to the kulaks. Secondly, emphasis was placed on highlighting the sabotage actions of the kulak element: disruption of sowing and harvesting campaigns, destruction of livestock, etc. Finally, thirdly, the anti-kulak campaign was combined with anti-religious actions.
Number of views: 20 Download in PDF
History of Science
3. Anvar M. Mamadaliev
To the 155th Anniversary of the Birth of Iosif Markovich Gol'dshtein (1868–1939): Some Aspects of Biography
Population Processes. 2023. 8(1): 21-25.
Number of views: 20 Download in PDF
4. Konstantin V. TaranPopulation Processes. 2023. 8(1): 21-25.
Abstract:
The manuscript is devoted to some pages of the biography of Iosif Markovich Gol'dshtein (1868–1939), an outstanding demographer and economist. The materials of this manuscript are the works of the scientist, such as “Deutschlands Sodaindustrie in Vergangenheit und Gegenwart: ein kritischer Beitrag zur Geschichte der deutschen Zollpolitik”, “Berufsgliederung und Reichtum”, “Die vermeintlichen und die wirklichen Ursachen des Bevolkerungstillstandes in Frankreich”, “Bevölkerungsprobleme und Berufsgliederung in Frankreich”, “Questionnaire on the causes of export decline Russian bread to England”, “The Russian-German trade agreement and the tasks of Russia”, “The Panama Canal, the fall in grain prices and our trade agreements”, “The agricultural Crisis”, etc. The methods of content analysis, biographical analysis and synthesis were used in the work. I.M. Gol'dshtein, having an excellent education, constantly evolved in his scientific preferences, dealing not only with economics, but also with economic demography, history, statistics. His scientific achievements, namely the problems of demographic growth with relative well-being in the state, are relevant up to today.
The manuscript is devoted to some pages of the biography of Iosif Markovich Gol'dshtein (1868–1939), an outstanding demographer and economist. The materials of this manuscript are the works of the scientist, such as “Deutschlands Sodaindustrie in Vergangenheit und Gegenwart: ein kritischer Beitrag zur Geschichte der deutschen Zollpolitik”, “Berufsgliederung und Reichtum”, “Die vermeintlichen und die wirklichen Ursachen des Bevolkerungstillstandes in Frankreich”, “Bevölkerungsprobleme und Berufsgliederung in Frankreich”, “Questionnaire on the causes of export decline Russian bread to England”, “The Russian-German trade agreement and the tasks of Russia”, “The Panama Canal, the fall in grain prices and our trade agreements”, “The agricultural Crisis”, etc. The methods of content analysis, biographical analysis and synthesis were used in the work. I.M. Gol'dshtein, having an excellent education, constantly evolved in his scientific preferences, dealing not only with economics, but also with economic demography, history, statistics. His scientific achievements, namely the problems of demographic growth with relative well-being in the state, are relevant up to today.
Number of views: 20 Download in PDF
Soviet and Russian Demographer and Historian Anatolii Pavlovich Sudoplatov (1943–2005): a Biographical Sketch
Population Processes. 2023. 8(1): 26-30.
Number of views: 19 Download in PDF
5. Population Processes. 2023. 8(1): 26-30.
Abstract:
The manuscript is devoted to some scientific aspects of the activities of the Soviet and Russian demographer and historian A.P. Sudoplatov. The material for the research was his works, in particular “Demographic concepts: a critical analysis”, “Current population problems in developing countries: International cooperation and demographic policy”, “Modern bourgeois demography: Criticism of basic theoretical concepts”, “The Secret Life of General Sudoplatov: Truth and Fiction about my Father”, “Different Days of Mystery wars and diplomacy”, etc. The work uses such research methods as the historical-systemic method, the historical-genetic method, content analysis, and the synthesis method. Sudoplatov skillfully combined military service with scientific and teaching activities. He is the author of a number of monographs on the processes of demography, in which he made a critical analysis of the demographic processes of capitalist and developing countries, highlighting the causes and conditions of population growth/decline, as well as the role of the demographic policy of the state on the relevant processes. He also studied the history of special services, as well as the biography of his father, and actively conducted teaching and journalistic work.
The manuscript is devoted to some scientific aspects of the activities of the Soviet and Russian demographer and historian A.P. Sudoplatov. The material for the research was his works, in particular “Demographic concepts: a critical analysis”, “Current population problems in developing countries: International cooperation and demographic policy”, “Modern bourgeois demography: Criticism of basic theoretical concepts”, “The Secret Life of General Sudoplatov: Truth and Fiction about my Father”, “Different Days of Mystery wars and diplomacy”, etc. The work uses such research methods as the historical-systemic method, the historical-genetic method, content analysis, and the synthesis method. Sudoplatov skillfully combined military service with scientific and teaching activities. He is the author of a number of monographs on the processes of demography, in which he made a critical analysis of the demographic processes of capitalist and developing countries, highlighting the causes and conditions of population growth/decline, as well as the role of the demographic policy of the state on the relevant processes. He also studied the history of special services, as well as the biography of his father, and actively conducted teaching and journalistic work.
Number of views: 19 Download in PDF